{"id":789,"date":"2016-07-30T23:59:27","date_gmt":"2016-07-30T20:59:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/?p=789"},"modified":"2016-07-31T12:03:21","modified_gmt":"2016-07-31T09:03:21","slug":"travma-magduru-penceresinden-travma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/travma-magduru-penceresinden-travma","title":{"rendered":"Travma Ma\u011fdurunun Penceresinden Psikolojik Travma"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b>\u00d6nceliklerimiz de\u011fi\u015fiyor, hayat standartlar\u0131m\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fiyor, beklentilerimiz de\u011fi\u015fiyor, isteklerimiz de\u011fi\u015fiyor. \u00a0\u00d6nceden duas\u0131 \u00a0“L\u00fctfen babam bana bu k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 oyuncak arabay\u0131 als\u0131n.” olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocu\u011fun, “Ho\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00e7ocukla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fay\u0131m.” olan gen\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131n, \u00a0“Y\u00fcksek lisansa kabul edileyim.” \u00a0olan \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencisinin, “\u00c7ocu\u011fumun m\u00fcr\u00fcvvetini d\u00fcnya g\u00f6z\u00fcyle g\u00f6reyim.” olan annenin, “\u015eu evin borcunu kapatsak da bir tatile \u00e7\u0131ksak…” olan baban\u0131n , \u00a0” Torunumun torununu da g\u00f6rsem… ” \u00a0olan anneannenin, \u00a0“Hadi \u015fu do\u00e7entlik s\u0131nav\u0131n\u0131 da vereyim.” olan akademisyenin; \u00a0\u015fimdi tek bir duas\u0131 var \u00a0hepsinin: \u00a0“L\u00fctfen \u00a0sevdiklerim \u00a0\u00f6lmesin!”<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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T\u00fcrk Psikologlar Derne\u011fi 1999 Marmara depremi ile birlikte travmayla aktif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. \u00a0Yani T\u00fcrkiye’deki travma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in 1999 y\u0131l\u0131 bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Y\u0131llar ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e de 1999 depreminin yan\u0131na pek \u00e7ok travmatik ya\u015fant\u0131 \u00a0eklenerek ne yaz\u0131k ki T\u00fcrkiye’nin travma literat\u00fcr\u00fc epey geni\u015fledi. Eklenenler aras\u0131nda \u00a0neler mi var? Van Depremi, Soma Maden Facias\u0131, Ankara’da meydana gelen patlamalar, Suru\u00e7 patlamas\u0131, Sultanahmet patlamas\u0131, Taksim patlamas\u0131, Vezneciler patlamas\u0131, Atat\u00fcrk Havaliman\u0131 patlamas\u0131 ve daha bir\u00e7oklar\u0131… En yenisi de bu yaz\u0131y\u0131 yazmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131mda hen\u00fcz ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015f olan, ancak yaz\u0131y\u0131 sonland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131mda \u00a0etkileriyle h\u00e2l\u00e2 hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sarsmaya devam eden \u00a015 temmuz darbe giri\u015fimi ve sonras\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeler…<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan eliyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen travmalarla sar\u0131ld\u0131 etraf\u0131m\u0131z. Bu y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131ndan nas\u0131l kalkaca\u011f\u0131z bilmiyorum. \u00a0Eski hayatlar\u0131m\u0131za d\u00f6nebilecek miyiz, eskisi gibi mutlu olabilecek miyiz, yaralar\u0131m\u0131z sar\u0131lacak m\u0131?<\/span><\/p>\n

Travman\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131 T\u00fcrk Psikologlar Derne\u011fi’nin internet sitesinde \u015f\u00f6yle ge\u00e7iyor : <\/span>“Ki\u015finin fiziksel ve psikolojik varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne tehdit olu\u015fturan, inan\u00e7 ve g\u00fcven sars\u0131lmas\u0131na, kay\u0131plara ve zararlara sebebiyet veren, ki\u015finin dengesini bozan ve kontrol d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen durumlar\/olaylar travmatik olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar.” <\/span><\/i>**<\/span><\/p>\n

Deprem, sel, kas\u0131rga, tsunami \u00a0gibi do\u011fal afetlerin sebep oldu\u011fu durumlar \u00a0“do\u011fa kaynakl\u0131 travma ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir de “insan eliyle olu\u015fturulan travmalar” s\u00f6z konusudur: sava\u015f, ter\u00f6r olaylar\u0131, \u00a0\u015fiddet, taciz ve tecav\u00fcz , i\u015fkence, mobbing… \u00a0\u0130nsan eliyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen travmatik olaylar\u0131n do\u011fa kaynakl\u0131 olanlara g\u00f6re travmatik stres belirtilerine daha fazla sebep oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Travma yaratan etken do\u011fa ise bu “AFET” oluyor; insan ise “VAH\u015eET”… <\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de son zamanlarda ya\u015fananlar da i\u015fte bu “insan kaynakl\u0131” travmalar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na giriyor: bombalar patl\u0131yor, ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 oluyor… Bu olaylar sadece ya\u015fayan ki\u015fiyi de\u011fil, do\u011frudan ya da dolayl\u0131 olarak tan\u0131k olan ki\u015fileri de etkiliyor; yani t\u00fcm toplumu etkileyerek <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>toplumsal travma \u00a0s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na giriyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Travma alan\u0131n\u0131n ilgimi \u00e7ekmesinin sebebi \u00a0i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m toplum mu bilmiyorum. Ancak bu alana merak\u0131mdan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00a0travma ile ilgili birtak\u0131m sempozyum ve konferanslara kat\u0131ld\u0131m. En son kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m ve bence en kapsaml\u0131s\u0131 \u00a0<\/span>T\u00fcrk Psikologlar Derne\u011fi<\/b>‘nin <\/span>1. Travma Sempozyumu<\/b> idi. \u00a0Bu yaz\u0131mda yapmak istedi\u011fim, travma ile ilgili \u015fimdiye kadar edindi\u011fim bilgiler ve kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m sempozyumlarda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m notlar i\u00e7inden \u00a0kendimce \u00f6nemli noktalar\u0131 derleyerek \u00a0sizlere sunmak. <\/span><\/p>\n

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* William L. Randall : “\u0130nsan hikayesi olan bir hayvand\u0131r.” \u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Kendi hikayemiz, benlik kurgumuz inat\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. \u00a0Travmatik ya\u015fant\u0131 ise egodistoniktir (benli\u011fe yabanc\u0131d\u0131r). Travma hat\u0131ras\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcsel de\u011fildir, b\u00f6l\u00fck p\u00f6r\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr ve \u00a0benlik \u00f6yk\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn s\u00fcreklili\u011fini bozar. Ki\u015finin ya\u015fam\u0131na eskisi gibi devam etmesini engeller, g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131n\u0131 sekteye u\u011frat\u0131r. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

* Travmatik etki g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen bir yarad\u0131r.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

* Travma bir kay\u0131p ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r<\/i><\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu kay\u0131p somut olmak zorunda da de\u011fildir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, g\u00fcven kayb\u0131. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

* Travmatik ya\u015fant\u0131n\u0131n sebep oldu\u011fu temel duygu “g\u00fcvensizlik”tir.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Travma; insandaki, \u00a0“d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir ve kontrol edilebilir bir yer oldu\u011fu” inanc\u0131n\u0131 sarsar: Her an her \u015fey olabilir. \u00d6zellikle de \u00a0insan eliyle olan travmalarda g\u00fcven ve kontrol duygusu yerle bir oluyor. Kendimizi g\u00fcvende hissetti\u011fimiz yerler elimizden al\u0131n\u0131yor : \u00a0okulumuzun bulundu\u011fu Vezneciler, \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir zamanlar foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekildi\u011fimiz G\u00fcvenpark ve \u00fczerinde F-16’lar\u0131n u\u00e7tu\u011fu evimiz… <\/span><\/p>\n

Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00a0travmatik olay ge\u00e7mek bilmeyen korku ve endi\u015feye, \u00e7aresizlik hissine ve \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcye neden olur. \u00a0Hayatta kalanlar\u0131n \u00f6fkesi s\u00f6z konusudur. Bu \u00f6fkenin kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak da \u00a0engellenme ve s\u0131n\u0131rlanma hissi g\u00f6sterilebilir. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

*Travmatik olay\u0131n sebep oldu\u011fu stres tepkileri \u00a0ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir. \u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Olay\u0131n travmatik etki yarat\u0131p yaratmamas\u0131; \u00a0ki\u015finin olay\u0131 alg\u0131lay\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imine ve \u00a0olay\u0131n ki\u015finin ya\u015fam\u0131, duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri \u00fczerinde nas\u0131l bir etki b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Her olay\u0131n her birey \u00fczerinde yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu etki farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Travma sonras\u0131 \u00a0g\u00f6zlenen stres tepkileri \u00a0fiziksel, duygusal, davran\u0131\u015fsal ve bili\u015fsel olmak \u00fczere farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerdedir. Olas\u0131 tepkilerden baz\u0131lar\u0131: \u00a0uyku d\u00fczeninde bozulma, flashbackler, kabuslar, dikkat da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, tam veya k\u0131smi amnezi, olay\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131c\u0131 uyaranlardan ka\u00e7\u0131nma, duygusal k\u00fcntl\u00fck, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 uyar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k hali\/s\u00fcrekli tetikte olma, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, mide bulant\u0131s\u0131, i\u015ftahta azalma\/artma, \u00f6fke kontrol g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckleri, kayg\u0131, depresyon, su\u00e7luluk duygusu, g\u00fcvensizlik, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc, madde ve alkol k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m\u0131…. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

* Travmatik olay kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ola\u011fan ba\u015f etme mekanizmalar\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kal\u0131r. <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

* “Anormal durumlara verdi\u011fimiz normal tepkiler”<\/i><\/b> (Judith Herman)<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Travmatik olay sonras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan stres tepkileri<\/span> \u201canormal bir duruma verilen normal tepkiler\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00a0\u00d6rne\u011fin; ortada bir tehdit varsa tetikte olmak normal bir tepkidir, rasyoneldir.<\/span><\/p>\n

* Travma Sonras\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fcme<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Travman\u0131n olumsuz etkilenirinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra “travma sonras\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme” denilen bir durumda s\u00f6z konusudur. Yani ya\u015fanan travmatik olay\u0131n ki\u015fiye olumlu y\u00f6nde etkileri de mevcut: ya\u015fam\u0131n de\u011ferini anlama, yeni se\u00e7eneklerin fark\u0131na varma, benlik alg\u0131s\u0131nda olumlu de\u011fi\u015fim, ki\u015filer aras\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde olumlu de\u011fi\u015fim gibi…<\/span><\/p>\n

Buraya kadar travmaya “travma ma\u011fduru” penceresinden bakt\u0131k, yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 olan “travma alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan profesyonellerin g\u00f6z\u00fcnden travma” i\u00e7in haftaya ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn sizleri buraya bekliyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Travmas\u0131z g\u00fcnler diliyorum !<\/span><\/p>\n

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NOT :<\/i><\/b> Okuma listeme ekledi\u011fim 2 kitab\u0131 sizlere de \u00f6nermek istiyorum; <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Travma ve \u0130yile\u015fme (Judith Herman)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015fe Bakmak \u00d6l\u00fcmle Y\u00fczle\u015fmek (Irvin Yalom)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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** Bozuno\u011fullar\u0131, D. (\u015eubat 2014). <\/span>Travmatik ya\u015fant\u0131lar.<\/span><\/i> https:\/\/www.psikolog.org.tr\/assets\/uploads\/file\/pdf\/TravmatikYasantilar.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

YAZAR:<\/em> Ya\u011fmur TELEFONCU<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

G\u00f6rsel:\u00a0http:\/\/www.123inspiration.com\/minimalist-black-and-white-surreal-photography-by-ioannis-nikiforakis\/<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00d6nceliklerimiz de\u011fi\u015fiyor, hayat standartlar\u0131m\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fiyor, beklentilerimiz de\u011fi\u015fiyor, isteklerimiz de\u011fi\u015fiyor. \u00a0\u00d6nceden duas\u0131 \u00a0“L\u00fctfen babam bana bu k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 oyuncak arabay\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":797,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[216,12,217,19,212,218,93],"yoast_head":"\nTravma Ma\u011fdurunun Penceresinden Psikolojik Travma | Ak\u0131l Defterim<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Psikoloji \u00f6\u011frencilerinin kaleminden yaz\u0131lar.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/travma-magduru-penceresinden-travma\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta 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