{"id":50,"date":"2015-10-19T22:01:16","date_gmt":"2015-10-19T19:01:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/?p=50"},"modified":"2015-10-25T22:39:01","modified_gmt":"2015-10-25T20:39:01","slug":"toplusal-yas-ve-kolektif-bellek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/toplusal-yas-ve-kolektif-bellek","title":{"rendered":"Toplumsal Yas ve Kolektif Bellek"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>TOPLUMSAL YAS ve KOLEKT\u0130F BELLEK<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u201cKan ve Barut \u0130\u00e7inden Diren\u00e7le Gel\u201d<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><em>\u201cKreon: Biri<\/em> <em>savunuyordu yurdu, \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fc yak\u0131p y\u0131kmaya geldi.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Antigone: \u00d6l\u00fcm e\u015fit k\u0131lar onlar\u0131, t\u00f6relerinde ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetmez.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><em>Kreon: Ayn\u0131 \u015ferefe hak kazanmaz k\u00f6t\u00fc ile iyi.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><em>Antigone: \u00d6l\u00fcler \u00fclkesinde yasa bakars\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fiktir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><em>(Sophocles &#8211; Antigone)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Sophocles, Antigone\u2019de taht kavgas\u0131 u\u011fruna iki karde\u015fin birbirini \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc anlat\u0131r. Kral Oidipous\u2019un gidi\u015finin ard\u0131ndan o\u011fullar\u0131 Eteokles ve Polyneikes \u00fclkeyi \u2018s\u0131rayla\u2019 y\u00f6neteceklerdir. Bir kere tahta oturan Eteokles karde\u015fine iktidar\u0131 devretmeyi reddeder.\u00a0 Bunun \u00fczerine Polyneikes, Argoslularla anla\u015farak Eteokles\u2019e sava\u015f a\u00e7ar. Sava\u015f iki karde\u015fin de \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle sonlan\u0131r. Argos ordusunun \u00e7ekilmesiyle ba\u015fa Kreon ge\u00e7er. Kreon Eteokles\u2019i kahraman ilan edip yas\u0131n\u0131n tutulabilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli b\u00fct\u00fcn rit\u00fcelleri yerine getirerek onu g\u00f6mer. Polyneikes\u2019i ise vatan haini ilan ederek onun arkas\u0131ndan yas tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklar ve cesedini a\u00e7\u0131kta b\u0131rak\u0131r. Gelgelelim k\u0131zkarde\u015f Antigone, bu yasa\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar ve a\u011fabeyi Polyneikes\u2019in cesedini g\u00f6mer. Sophocles, anlat\u0131s\u0131nda Antigone\u2019nin b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ze alarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Ne var ki \u00f6yle de olur ve Antigone \u00f6l\u00fcme mahk\u00fbm edilir. Fakat mesele b\u00f6ylece kapanmaz. Bir \u00f6l\u00fcy\u00fc g\u00f6mmeyi yasaklaman\u0131n, hem dini \u2013\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o zaman da \u00f6lenin ruhunun geri d\u00f6nmemek \u00fczere Hades\u2019e gitmesi i\u00e7in belirli rit\u00fcellerle g\u00f6m\u00fclmesi gerekirdi- hem de ahlaki normlar\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fnemenin sonucu felakettir. Hakeza Kreon&#8217;un o\u011flu- ayn\u0131 zamanda Antigone&#8217;nin ni\u015fanl\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r- ve kar\u0131s\u0131\u00a0ya\u015fan\u0131lan travmaya yenik d\u00fc\u015ferek intihar eder. Kreon ise \u00e7aresizce \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bekleyecektir.<\/p>\n<p>Sophocles bu tragedyas\u0131nda, &#8216;toplumsal kutsal&#8217; ve devlet aras\u0131ndaki uyum sorununa dikkat \u00e7eker.\u00a0 Burada toplumsal kutsal ile anlatmak istedi\u011fim kolektif bir bilin\u00e7le sahip oldu\u011fumuz her t\u00fcrl\u00fc (dini, \u00f6rfi) gelenektir. \u00d6l\u00fcy\u00fc g\u00f6mmek, arkas\u0131ndan yas tutmak toplumun kutsal\u0131d\u0131r. Kreon yani devlet yas tutulmaya de\u011fer olmayan\u0131n cesedini a\u00e7\u0131kta b\u0131rakarak\u00a0 \u2018yas tutulmaya de\u011fer olan\u2019a &#8211; neredeyse parmakla g\u00f6stererek &#8211; i\u015faret edendir. Antigone ise toplumsal travmada kamusal yas\u0131n \u00f6nemini ve kamusal yas yasa\u011f\u0131na direni\u015fi temsil eder.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fer ya\u015fan\u0131lan travmatik olaylar\u0131n bir faili varsa orada mutlaka bir \u2018\u00f6teki\u2019 vard\u0131r. Failin ve \u00f6tekinin oldu\u011fu yerde de muhakkak \u2018\u00f6ld\u00fcren ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen\u2019 .\u00a0 Ya\u015fanan olay ilk \u00f6nce toplumun tamam\u0131na mal olur. Sonra, ait olma hissi, toplumu, \u00f6ld\u00fcren ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen taraf\u0131ndaki yerine ge\u00e7meye zorlar. Herkes saf\u0131na \u00e7ekildi\u011finde ya\u015fananlar sadece \u2018\u00f6teki\u2019nin sorunu olarak kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Fail ve erk\u00e2n\u0131 ya\u015fananlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelme, duymam\u0131\u015f gibi yapma, hik\u00e2yeyi iyile\u015ftirme, olay hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fmama e\u011filimindedir. Kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131 m\u00fcbala\u011fa ile su\u00e7lar. Oysa ma\u011fdur, tan\u0131klarla ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015fmay\u0131; anla\u015f\u0131lmay\u0131 ve sayg\u0131 g\u00f6rmeyi bekler. Unutmama, direnme ve harekete ge\u00e7me e\u011filimindedir.<\/p>\n<p>Ma\u011fdur, yas s\u00fcrecini sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tamamlarsa yas nihai sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131r fakat d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki \u2018Kreonlar\u0131n\u2019 dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yas yasaklar\u0131 hi\u00e7 bitmeyen bir melankoli ve toplumsal bir patoloji do\u011furur. Travman\u0131n \u00fczerinden ne kadar zaman ve olay ge\u00e7erse ge\u00e7sin, kitlesel travmaya u\u011fram\u0131\u015f topluluklar\u0131n tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda, \u00f6rf ve adetlerinde travman\u0131n \u00f6rt\u00fck izleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00fcrekli uyar\u0131larak travmaya maruz kalm\u0131\u015f topluluklarda bu patoloji giderek artar ve ku\u015faklar boyu sonu gelmeyecek bir yas s\u00fcrecine girilir.<\/p>\n<p>Toplumun yas\u0131n\u0131n hiyerar\u015fiye sokulmas\u0131 yaln\u0131z \u2018\u00f6tekilere\u2019 de\u011fil, toplumun sosyal mekanizmas\u0131na da zarar verir. Bir sorun daha vard\u0131r: \u2018bizim hik\u00e2yemiz \u2013 sizin hik\u00e2yeniz\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>Yas yasaklar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, ya\u015fan\u0131lan travmatik olay\u0131n korku ve deh\u015fet veren sahneleri kolektif bellekte yer almaz. Yani kolektif bellekte neyin olup neyin olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u2018Kreonlar\u2019, oteriteler belirler. Kamusal yas ulusal kimli\u011fi in\u015fa eder. Travmalar\u0131 kolektif haf\u0131zadan d\u0131\u015flanan ve yaslar\u0131n\u0131 kamusal alanda ya\u015famas\u0131 ay\u0131planan topluluklar i\u00e7lerine kapan\u0131rlar. O halde toplum farkl\u0131 topluluklara b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bir yanda yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haf\u0131zalar\u0131yla travmatik an\u0131lar \u00fczerine hik\u00e2yesini yazan, di\u011fer yanda \u2018yanl\u0131\u2019 toplumsal haf\u0131za \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015f topluluklar. Vatanda\u015flar\u0131n ayn\u0131 \u015feyleri ya\u015fay\u0131p kolektif bir \u00f6yk\u00fc olu\u015fturamamas\u0131 hassasiyetlerinin farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da toplumun b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesine, \u2018iki ayr\u0131 evrenden gelmi\u015flik\u2019 hissine neden olur.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6teki olmak i\u00e7in az\u0131nl\u0131k olmak, travmatize edilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6teki olmak gerekmiyor. Art\u0131k her birimiz bir \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 kombinasyonda di\u011ferimizin \u2018\u00f6tekisi\u2019yiz. Do\u011far do\u011fmaz; cinsiyetimiz, dinimiz, etnik k\u00f6kenimiz bizi travmatize etmeye yetiyor. <strong>Bizimki kronik travma<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Literat\u00fcr, toplumsal travmalardan en \u00e7ok etkilenenlerin zarar g\u00f6renler, tan\u0131klar, aile yak\u0131nlar\u0131, arkada\u015flar, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve kurtarma ekipleri oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Ama bu kez durum farkl\u0131yd\u0131. <strong>ANKARA! <\/strong>Bu kez barutun ve kan\u0131n kokusunu daha yak\u0131ndan alabiliyorduk. Bu kez \u00f6lmek i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rda, madende ya da bilinen bir fay hatt\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde olmam\u0131za gerek yoktu. Bu kez hepimiz vurulduk, bu kez yas hepimizindi. Herodot\u2019un bir hik\u00e2yesi kendisi hi\u00e7 yara almamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen silah arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne tan\u0131kl\u0131k ettikten sonra k\u00f6r olan bir askeri anlat\u0131r. Bu kez hi\u00e7 birimizin unutturmaya niyeti yok!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Her yaz\u0131mda \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda tavsiyelere yer verece\u011fim.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">H\u00fcrriyet ve bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in: \u2018Lili Marlen T\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u2018Dost a\u011flar karanfilim. Mar\u015f s\u00f6ylemeden \u00f6lmek bize yak\u0131\u015fmaz\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright wp-image-54 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/karanfil-300x171.png\" alt=\"karanfil\" width=\"300\" height=\"171\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/karanfil-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/karanfil.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 94vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em><strong>YAZAR: \u00a0Elif G\u00fcl \u015eahin<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[1] Adnan Y\u00dcCEL. Gurbet\u00e7inin T\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n<p>Atilla \u0130LHAN. Lili Marlen T\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TOPLUMSAL YAS ve KOLEKT\u0130F BELLEK \u201cKan ve Barut \u0130\u00e7inden Diren\u00e7le Gel\u201d[1] \u201cKreon: Biri savunuyordu yurdu, \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fc yak\u0131p y\u0131kmaya [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":55,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Toplumsal Yas ve Kolektif Bellek | Ak\u0131l Defterim<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Psikoloji \u00f6\u011frencilerinin kaleminden yaz\u0131lar.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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