{"id":2076,"date":"2020-04-23T02:33:15","date_gmt":"2020-04-22T23:33:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/?p=2076"},"modified":"2020-04-23T17:00:05","modified_gmt":"2020-04-23T14:00:05","slug":"dr-ogr-uyesi-meltem-narterden-sosyal-psikoloji-ve-mitoloji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/dr-ogr-uyesi-meltem-narterden-sosyal-psikoloji-ve-mitoloji","title":{"rendered":"Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi Meltem Narter\u2019den Sosyal Psikoloji ve Mitoloji"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1) \u00d6ncelikle kendinizi tan\u0131tabilir misiniz?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki tan\u0131tay\u0131m. 1974 \u0130stanbul do\u011fumluyum. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 23 y\u0131ld\u0131r psikologluk yap\u0131yorum, \u00fcniversitede akademisyen olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum. \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Psikoloji mezunuyum. Y\u00fcksek lisans\u0131m\u0131 ve doktoram\u0131 da orada tamamlad\u0131m. Ben kay\u0131tl\u0131 ve net olarak sosyal psikolo\u011fum \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc meslek \u015fu an son derece kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k, kimin ne oldu\u011fu belli de\u011fil. Benim klinik e\u011filimim gayet y\u00fcksek ve lisanstan klinik mezunuyum. Bizim \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde \u00f6yle bir sistem vard\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ilgi alanlar\u0131m bu iki konu i\u00e7erisinde \u015fekilleniyor. Doktoram \u201cCumhuriyet\u00e7i kimlik alg\u0131s\u0131\u201d \u00fczerine,  y\u00fcksek lisans\u0131m ise \u201cSosyal Temsiller\u201d ile ilgili. Sosyal temsillere olan d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm, doktora sonras\u0131 \u201cPsikanalizin Sosyal Temsilleri\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131 yazmamla daha \u00fcst bir seviyeye ula\u015ft\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma o dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu ve buna benzer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131yorum. Hala \u00fcniversitede \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyeli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Antik tarihin (\u00f6zellikle mitolojinin), psikolojinin k\u00f6kenleri ve terimleri ile i\u00e7 i\u00e7e oldu\u011funa dair \u015f\u00fcphe yok. Peki bu i\u00e7 i\u00e7eli\u011fin nedenleri sizce nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015e\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum; bizim co\u011frafyam\u0131z, T\u00fcrkiye co\u011frafyas\u0131, daha do\u011frusu Anadolu ve Trakya co\u011frafyalar\u0131 mitolojinin bask\u0131n olarak ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler. Ben bunun \u00e7ok daha \u00f6ncesinin var oldu\u011funu biliyorum. \u00d6zellikle Mezopotamya ve Babil mitolojisinin insan\u0131n kendi tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yani antropolojik olarak \u015fekillenmesinde \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6nemi var. Bunun nedeni, inan\u00e7 sistemlerinin ve kutsalla\u015ft\u0131rma faaliyetlerinin, zihinsel bir faaliyet bu kutsalla\u015ft\u0131rma faaliyeti, insan\u0131n toplumsal olarak ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imini belirlemek konusunda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip. Toplumsal olarak ya\u015famaya ba\u015flamak bir arada ve birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, insan yarar\u0131na bilgi \u00fcretmek anlam\u0131na geliyor. Kimi zaman bu anlama geliyor kimi zaman yarar\u0131na olmayan \u015feyler \u00fcretmek anlam\u0131na geliyor. Hi\u00e7bir \u015fey tekil ve hep iyiye do\u011fru de\u011fil. \u0130nsan canl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n iyilik yapmas\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yapmas\u0131ndan daha zordur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla insano\u011flu bu iyilik yapma gayreti i\u00e7erisinde bir kutsal yaratarak ve yasa koyarak, bir arada kal\u0131c\u0131 \u015feyler yapmay\u0131 hedefliyor. Bu, dedi\u011fim gibi her zaman iyiyi \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131yor. Biz, insan oldu\u011fumuz i\u00e7in ve belki de do\u011fadaki en vah\u015fi canl\u0131 oldu\u011fumuz i\u00e7in hep iyiyi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp kendimizi y\u00fcceltmek konusunda \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bir e\u011filime sahibiz.  Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 benim i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli. Mitoloji dedi\u011fimiz \u015fey, insan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarihinin en \u00f6nemli \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131ndan bir tanesi \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kendilerine inan\u00e7 sistemleri yaratm\u0131\u015flar. Daha net ne olabilir? Ayn\u0131 co\u011frafyadan ne\u015fet eden tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlerde bile mitolojik unsurlar\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015fli oldu\u011fu, ibadet bi\u00e7imlerinden ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imlerine kadar net olarak kendini g\u00f6steriyor.  \u00d6zellikle tap\u0131naklar, tap\u0131naklardaki sunaklar ve sunulan kurbanlar gibi konularda bunu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. Psikolojiye gelince; insan\u0131n kendi i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in kurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, yani hayatta dengeli, anksiyetesiz ya\u015famaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu hikaye, asl\u0131nda insan ruhsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da hikayesidir. Ba\u015f hikayelerden bir tanesi, G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f Destan\u0131\u2019nda G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131n yolculu\u011fudur. G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131n bir kahraman, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir komutan ya da yar\u0131 tanr\u0131 \u00f6zellikli konumuna ra\u011fmen insani manada \u00f6l\u00fcmle tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fcmle y\u00fczle\u015fmesi, \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc aramas\u0131, en yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesiyle birlikte bunu kabullenememesi ve r\u00fcya g\u00f6rmesi var. G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131n r\u00fcyas\u0131nda bir konseyin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc elinde tutan ki\u015finin kendisinden uyumamas\u0131n\u0131 istemesine ra\u011fmen G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131n uykuya yenik d\u00fc\u015fmesi var. Uyku ve r\u00fcya kavramlar\u0131, uykuda insana g\u00f6r\u00fcnenler, asl\u0131nda insan\u0131n o zamanlardan bu yana en \u00f6nemli meselelerinden birisi oldu\u011funu bize g\u00f6steriyor. Tabi ki, bunlar \u00fczerine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olumlu ve olumsuz olarak bir s\u00fcr\u00fc g\u00fczelleme de var. Yani insan\u0131n kendi ruhsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 merak edip yazmas\u0131, o zamanlardan ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Tabii ki \u015funu \u00e7ok iyi biliyoruz, bug\u00fcn bat\u0131 medeniyetinin modern ak\u0131l olarak \u00fcretti\u011fi \u00e7o\u011fu kavram\u0131n temelinde Antik Yunan var. Netice olarak insanlar \u201cinsan\u201d hakk\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar ve insan hikayeleri \u00fcretiyorlar. Bunlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlileri mitoloji kadar tragedyalarda da gizlidir. Yunan tragedyalar\u0131 mitolojiden kaynak al\u0131r ve \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015fi bunu kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Tragedyay\u0131 do\u011frudan mitoloji sananlar var. Tabi ki, bunlar kendi aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015flidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Tragedyalar insan eliyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve insana belirli bir insan durumunu g\u00f6stermeye yarayan oyunlard\u0131r ve bu oyunlarda kar\u015f\u0131 taraf da ayn\u0131 duyguyu ya\u015fayarak katartik bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ya\u015fayacakt\u0131r; asl\u0131nda hedeflenen budur. Bizler de ruhsall\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, bunun ne kadar \u00f6nemli ve de\u011ferli oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. Toparlayacak olursam e\u011fer; mitoloji asl\u0131nda bir insan hikayesi yazma gayretidir ve bu hikayelerin farkl\u0131 boyutlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130nan\u00e7 boyutu, tap\u0131nma boyutu, ders verme boyutu, bir \u015feyleri \u00f6\u011fretme boyutu, nas\u0131l do\u011fru insan olunur boyutu gibi bir s\u00fcr\u00fc boyutlar\u0131 var. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bug\u00fcn insan\u0131 insanla\u015ft\u0131ran bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisindeki t\u00fcm kavram ve kimseler bug\u00fcnk\u00fc psikoloji ile do\u011frudan ilgilidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Sosyal psikolojinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda mitoloji dersleri de veriyorsunuz. Sizce bu ders \u00f6\u011frencilerinizin bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 bilmiyorum \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc hi\u00e7birine sormad\u0131m. Ancak keyif al\u0131yorlar, genel tutum bu y\u00f6nde. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc mitoloji \u00e7ok hikayevari bir \u015fey dolay\u0131s\u0131yla o hikayeleri dinlemek ho\u015flar\u0131na gidiyor. Mitoloji kendi yap\u0131s\u0131 gere\u011fi \u00e7ok ak\u0131lda tutulan bir konu de\u011fil ancak insan tarihi, insan\u0131n ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve zihin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillendirilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00f6rebiliyorlarsa bu beni sevindirir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc burada \u00f6nemli olan, bu hikayeler \u00e7ok zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011framam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani milattan \u00f6nce yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir destan hala g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde insan\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131nda bir yere sahip ise yaz\u0131lan destanlar\u0131n tek bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki duygular\u0131 tekrar tekrar ya\u015fama gayreti i\u00e7erisindeysek bunun muhakkak bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00dcmit ediyorum ki \u00f6\u011frencilerim de bu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131yorlard\u0131r. Faydas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6receklerine inan\u0131yorum. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) Bireyin sosyal grup i\u00e7erisindeki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ile efsanele\u015fmi\u015f mitolojik hikayeler, destanlar aras\u0131nda ne gibi benzerlikler bulunuyor? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu, \u00e7ok iddial\u0131 bir soru. \u015e\u00fcphesiz ki var ve olmamas\u0131 imkans\u0131z.  Mitolojide \u00f6zellikle grup i\u00e7i davran\u0131\u015flar, gruplar aras\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar, gruplar aras\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve bunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri ile ilgili \u00e7ok fazla malzeme var. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc mitoloji tarihi bir sava\u015flar tarihidir. Bunu, Babil\u2019in ilk yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f destan\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7en Enima Eli\u015f\u2019te de g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Tanr\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar; kim kimin adam\u0131, kim kimin sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ya da kim kimin tanr\u0131s\u0131\u2026 Bu ger\u00e7ekten grup i\u00e7i, gruplar aras\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ve kimlik sahibi olman\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerinden bir tanesidir. Bu durum M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da da var. M\u0131s\u0131r mitolojisinde de \u00e7ok fazla tanr\u0131 var. Nil Nehri ve etraf\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f M\u0131s\u0131r uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck krall\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n her birinin tapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131 tanr\u0131lar ve tanr\u0131\u00e7alar var. Bu demek oluyor ki kimin kimlerden oldu\u011funu ay\u0131rt etmek anlam\u0131nda hangi tanr\u0131ya inan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 g\u00f6stermek bak\u0131m\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemlidir. Yunan mitolojisinde de bu duruma s\u0131k\u00e7a rastlar\u0131z. T\u00fcrkiye bu konuda \u00e7ok zengin, \u00f6zellikle Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda belli ba\u015fl\u0131 tanr\u0131lar\u0131n ve tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131n tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Mesela g\u00fcneyde Afrodit, Artemis, Apollon tap\u0131naklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrken kuzeyde Athena tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. Bu demek oluyor ki o b\u00f6lgedeki insanlar\u0131n tap\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 tanr\u0131lar ve tanr\u0131\u00e7alar farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steriyor. Bu bir aidiyet duygusudur. Hangi tanr\u0131dan, tanr\u0131\u00e7adan medet umuyorsan\u0131z art\u0131k ondans\u0131n\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu bilgiler, sizin kimli\u011finizle beraber kendi bireysel olu\u015fumunuzun ve \u015fekilleni\u015finizin bir g\u00f6stergesidir. T\u0131pk\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir tak\u0131m\u0131n taraftar\u0131 olma davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi mitolojide de taraf olmay\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6rebiliriz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

5) Sosyal psikoloji, psikoloji biliminin \u015f\u00fcphesiz en \u00f6nemli alanlar\u0131ndan birisidir. Sosyal psikoloji ile ilgilenen bir \u00f6\u011frenciye tavsiyeleriniz nelerdir? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maalesef genel olarak insanlar klinik psikoloji tercih ediyorlar. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ko\u015fullar\u0131 buna \u00e7ok uygundu. Bu, -di\u2019li ge\u00e7mi\u015f zamanda kald\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ok fazla \u00f6\u011frenci yeti\u015ftiriyoruz. \u00c7ok kalabal\u0131k bir kitle var ve bu kalabal\u0131k kitle aras\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frencilerin sosyal psikolojiyi tercih etmek i\u00e7in pek bir sebepleri yok. Bu \u00e7ok anla\u015f\u0131labilir bir \u015fey \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sosyal psikoloji T\u00fcrkiye \u015fartlar\u0131nda akademik hayat d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda pek bir \u00f6neride bulunmuyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla mekanik olarak bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman akademik kariyeri hedefleyen bir \u00f6\u011frenci i\u00e7in tercih edilebilir bir aland\u0131r. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sosyal psikoloji ile ilgilenen birine ilk tavsiyem soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Telefon \u00fczerinden sosyal psikologluk yap\u0131lamaz, bunu belirtmek isterim. \u0130nsanlar\u0131 tan\u0131yacaks\u0131n\u0131z, insanlarla ileti\u015fim kurmaktan \u00e7ekinmeyip sosyal bir varl\u0131k oldu\u011funuzu fark\u0131na varacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Bana kal\u0131rsa bu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir unsurdur. Ayn\u0131 zamanda her \u015feye g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 laz\u0131m. Sosyal davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015fekillendirdi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz di\u011fer bilim dallar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fine hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde kula\u011f\u0131 kapatmamak, tam tersine fazlas\u0131yla oralardan beslenmek gerekiyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin antropolojiyi bilmeyen bir sosyal psikolog d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnemiyorum. Sosyoloji bilmek, tarihten haberdar olmak gerekiyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haz\u0131rlayan: TP\u00d6\u00c7G Mesleki Bilgilendirme ve Fark\u0131ndal\u0131k Platformu-K\u00fcr\u015fad \u0130nan\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bundan sonra her ay Ak\u0131l Defterim’de payla\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Mesleki Bilgilendirme Platformu R\u00f6portaj Serisinin ilk rop\u00f6rtaj\u0131 Sosyal Psikoloji ve Mitoloji, Sevgili Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi Meltem Narter’in \u015fahane anlat\u0131m\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131zda.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2088,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,10],"tags":[12,460],"yoast_head":"\nDr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi Meltem Narter\u2019den Sosyal Psikoloji ve Mitoloji | Ak\u0131l Defterim<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Psikoloji \u00f6\u011frencilerinin kaleminden yaz\u0131lar.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/dr-ogr-uyesi-meltem-narterden-sosyal-psikoloji-ve-mitoloji\" \/>\n<meta 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