{"id":1680,"date":"2020-04-12T00:42:07","date_gmt":"2020-04-11T21:42:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/?p=1680"},"modified":"2020-04-12T00:42:10","modified_gmt":"2020-04-11T21:42:10","slug":"henry-molaison","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/henry-molaison","title":{"rendered":"Henry Molaison"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Psikoloji bilimi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu yana; bu alana katk\u0131da bulunan say\u0131s\u0131z deney, ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve bilim insan\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bunlara hepimiz kimi zaman filmlere uyarlanmalar\u0131ndan, kimi zaman kulak a\u015final\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, kimi zamansa derslerimizden a\u015finay\u0131zd\u0131r. Peki sizce, psikolojiye b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131lar\u0131 olmu\u015f ama hayat\u0131 boyunca bundan hi\u00e7 haberi olmam\u0131\u015f birisi var m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Henry Molaison ya da k\u0131saca H. M.,  9 ya\u015f\u0131nda ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi bir kazadan sonra epilepsi n\u00f6betleri ge\u00e7irmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu sebebi bilinmeyen ve ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen n\u00f6betler sebebiyle, Henry Molaison, bu kazadan 18 y\u0131l sonra Hartford Hastanesi\u2019nde beyin cerrah\u0131 olan Dr. William Beecher Scoville\u2019e gitti ve Scoville beyne ameliyatla m\u00fcdahale etmeye karar verdi (Carey, 2008). Deneysel bir operasyonla epilepsi n\u00f6betlerini azaltmay\u0131 ve hayat kalitesini artt\u0131rmay\u0131 uman Scoville, 1950\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda, amigdala ve hipokamp\u00fcs\u00fcn de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu, beynin baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini ald\u0131 (Shah & Pattanayak & Sagar, 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ameliyattan sonra, epilepsi n\u00f6betlerinin kontrol edilmesine ra\u011fmen Henry Molaison\u2019\u0131n belle\u011finde bir anormali ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. K\u0131sa s\u00fcreli haf\u0131zas\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir problem olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Molaison yeni bilgileri uzun s\u00fcreli belle\u011fine aktarma yetisini kaybetti. Uzun zaman \u00f6nce tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 insanlar\u0131 hat\u0131rlamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, yeni g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc insanlar\u0131 haf\u0131zas\u0131nda tutamad\u0131 (McLeod, 2011, para. 7-8). Ameliyattan sonra bildirimsel belle\u011fine hi\u00e7bir yeni bilgi kazand\u0131ramayan Molaison, y\u00f6ntemsel belle\u011fini etkileyen herhangi bir \u015fey ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in sonras\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 55 y\u0131l boyunca yeni motor becerileri kazanmaya devam edebildi (Shah & Pattanayak & Sagar, 2014). Buradan da anlayabiliriz ki, belle\u011fimiz beynimizin yaln\u0131zca bir b\u00f6lgesi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmiyor. Farkl\u0131 bellek i\u015flevlerini etkileyen farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler mevcut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki bu ameliyat\u0131n ve ve Henry Molaison\u2019\u0131n bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na katk\u0131lar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 nelerdi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Semantik ve episodik belle\u011fin beyinde farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler taraf\u0131ndan organize edildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. \u00d6rne\u011fin, H. M.\u2019de hayat\u0131ndaki olaylar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu detay\u0131 kaybolmu\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, semantik bellektekiler korunabilmi\u015fti. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, herhangi bir fark\u0131ndal\u0131k gerektirmeden, y\u00f6ntemsel bellek taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilen davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z H. M.\u2019nin vakas\u0131nda korunmu\u015ftu ve H. M., y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 bir alet kullanmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015fti. Buradan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, demek ki baz\u0131 haf\u0131za s\u00fcre\u00e7leri hipokamp\u00fcse ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak geli\u015fmiyordu (Shah & Pattanayak & Sagar, 2014). Yani asl\u0131nda genel bir bozulma g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesine ra\u011fmen beynin yeni bilgiler \u00f6\u011frenmeyle ilgili yerleri zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fken, anl\u0131k bellek boyutu ve dil gibi b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri olduk\u00e7a normaldi (McLeod, 2011). Bu da bence o zamanlar i\u00e7in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir geli\u015fmeydi \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc haf\u0131za ya da beyinle ilgili bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kadar geni\u015f bir bilgi deposu yoktu. Kendisinden sonraki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara da \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kap\u0131 aralayan H.M., bunlar\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hayat\u0131 boyunca habersizdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki Henry Molaison\u2019un bilime katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, kendi haberi olmadan deneylerde yer almas\u0131 ne kadar etikti?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yap\u0131lan ameliyatta kullan\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 deneysel prosed\u00fcrle ilgili ortaya etikle bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131 . Uzun bir hayat\u0131 oldu ancak yeni bilgiler edinme yetene\u011fini kaybetti. Son olarak, Henry\u2019nin vakas\u0131 haf\u0131zayla ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda verimli bir d\u00f6neme girilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu (Shah & Pattanayak & Sagar, 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carey, B. (2008). The New York Times. Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.cabrillo.edu\/~creyes\/Notes\/H.M.Dies.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shah B, Pattanayak RD, Sagar R. The study of patient henry Molaison and what it taught us over past 50 years: Contributions to neuroscience. J Mental Health Hum Behav 2014;19:91-3. Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.jmhhb.org\/temp\/JMentalHealthHumBehav19291-6717586_183935.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

McLeod S. (2011). Anterograde Amnesia. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.simplypsychology.org\/anterograde-amnesia.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Didem Kat\u0131rc\u0131lar<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Psikoloji bilimi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu yana; bu alana katk\u0131da bulunan say\u0131s\u0131z deney, ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve bilim insan\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bunlara […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4,1],"tags":[454,225],"yoast_head":"\nHenry Molaison | Ak\u0131l Defterim<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Psikoloji \u00f6\u011frencilerinin kaleminden yaz\u0131lar.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/henry-molaison\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Henry Molaison | Ak\u0131l Defterim\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Psikoloji \u00f6\u011frencilerinin kaleminden yaz\u0131lar.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/henry-molaison\" \/>\n<meta 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