{"id":1599,"date":"2018-01-04T10:34:36","date_gmt":"2018-01-04T08:34:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/?p=1599"},"modified":"2018-01-04T17:03:52","modified_gmt":"2018-01-04T15:03:52","slug":"pavlovun-insanlari-dopamin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/pavlovun-insanlari-dopamin","title":{"rendered":"Pavlov\u2019un \u0130nsanlar\u0131: Dopamin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hayatta bazen sa\u00e7ma ya da k\u00f6t\u00fc oldu\u011funu bildi\u011fimiz halde yapmaya devam etti\u011finiz al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar vard\u0131r. Veya bir al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k edinmeyi isteyip bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc edinemedi\u011finiz zamanlar, sizin i\u00e7in i\u015fkenceye d\u00f6nen giri\u015fimler, yar\u0131da kalan diyetler, s\u00f6zler ve motivasyonlar vard\u0131r. Her ne kadar b\u00f6yle zamanlarda motivasyon konu\u015fmalar\u0131, o, bu, \u015fu geli\u015fimcilerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00fczel i\u00e7i bo\u015f c\u00fcmleleri ya da sizin \u201cBu sefer yapaca\u011f\u0131m!\u201d h\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z durumu bir s\u00fcre g\u00f6t\u00fcrse de sonucu g\u00f6remeden \u00e7o\u011fu insan\u0131n ne motivasyonu ne h\u0131rs\u0131 kal\u0131yor. Bunun aksine gayet istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde sezon sezon dizi izleyip, abur cuburu ilk yemek alternatifi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcp, video oyununda bilmem ka\u00e7\u0131nc\u0131 karakteri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcp, yapay \u015feker i\u00e7eren ne kadar \u015fey varsa her g\u00fcn at\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p, hatta iddia ediyorum, yine d\u00fczenli bir d\u00fczensizlik i\u00e7inde uyuyup hayata devam ediliyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Peki \u00f6rne\u011fin kitap okumak neden bir dizi izlemek kadar istikrarl\u0131 de\u011fil? Ya da spor yapmak neden CS:GO\u2019da adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrmekten daha az haz verici?<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu sorulara cevap vermeden \u00f6nce \u015funu belirtmeliyim, elbette herkes bunlara yorum ile cevap bulabilir. Biri e\u011flenceli di\u011fer s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 der ve al\u0131n size cevap. Fakat ben konunun bilimsel derinli\u011fine inip siz okuyanlar\u0131 bir fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011fa davet edece\u011fim. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hayat\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kaplayan al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n ve eylemlerin kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekten sizde olabilmesini diliyorum. Bir Pavlov insan\u0131 olmaktan kurtulman\u0131z\u0131 istiyorum.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dopamin (DA)<\/b><\/p>\n

Dopamin daha \u00e7ok zevk kimyasallar\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Orta beyindeki bir n\u00f6ron k\u00fcmesi taraf\u0131ndan, di\u011fer n\u00f6ronlara mesajlar iletmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6\u011frenme, karar verme, \u00f6d\u00fcl alg\u0131s\u0131 ve davran\u0131\u015f kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda yatan kritik bir n\u00f6rotransmitterdir<\/span>. \u00a0Bununla birlikte, dopamin mevcut davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 canland\u0131ran, motivasyonun ana mod\u00fclat\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Beyin, bir ka\u00e7 dopaminerjik n\u00f6ron sistemi<\/span> i\u00e7erir. Benim \u00fczerinde duraca\u011f\u0131m ise mezolimbik DA sistemi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan limbik sistemde dopamin salg\u0131lanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Limbik sistem ise beynin duygular ve haf\u0131za \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc olan bir yap\u0131lar dizisidir. Ayr\u0131ca mezolimbik dopamin iletimi, \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc maksimize etmek i\u00e7in alg\u0131lanan ve karar verme sinirsel s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini etkileyebilir. \u00dczerinde duraca\u011f\u0131m di\u011fer DA sistemi mezokortikal ise dopamin n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n\u0131n frontal korteksi uyarmas\u0131d\u0131r; bu uyar\u0131lma k\u0131sa d\u00f6nem an\u0131lar\u0131, planlama ve problem \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in strateji olu\u015fturma gibi i\u015flevleri etkiler.<\/span><\/p>\n

Beynimiz etraftan her an \u00e7ok fazla uyaran al\u0131r, bu uyaranlar\u0131n bir \u00e7o\u011fu \u00f6nemsizdir ve beynimiz \u00f6nemli uyaranlar\u0131 \u00f6nemsizden ay\u0131rma i\u015flemini de yapar. Pozitif bir uyaran oldu\u011funda, beynin \u00f6d\u00fcl sistemini olu\u015fturan mezolimbik ve mezokortikal DA sistemleri aktive edilir. Burada bu pozitif uyaran\u0131n tekrarlanmas\u0131na g\u00f6re zamanla o uyarana g\u00fcd\u00fclenme olu\u015fur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse ilk insanlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim, a\u00e7l\u0131k hissi beyinlerini uyard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131na ta\u015f koymalar\u0131 negatif uyaran olacakt\u0131r fakat yenilebilir bir ot koyduklar\u0131nda bu pozitif bir uyaran olup, dopamin sistemi taraf\u0131ndan kaydedilecektir. Bu ot yemenin tekrarlanmas\u0131 ile g\u00fcd\u00fcle\u015fen eylem al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecek ve birey ne zaman ot yerse dopamin salg\u0131lanacakt\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden yemek, su, cinsel ili\u015fki gibi \u015feyler bizim do\u011fal dopamin kayna\u011f\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r. Do\u011fal olmayan dopamin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ise \u015feker gelir. \u00c7ikolata yemek, m\u00fczik dinlemek, dizi izlemek, \u015fiir okumak, video oyunu oynamak gibi \u015feyler de do\u011fal olmayan dopamin kaynaklar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Etik olmayan bir \u015fekilde, 70\u2019li y\u0131llarda bir insan \u00fcst\u00fcnde yap\u0131lan deneyde dopamin sinir demetini uyarmak i\u00e7in bir buton kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve deney yap\u0131lan insan\u0131n 3 saat i\u00e7inde 1500 defa bu butona bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde hayvanlarda ve insanlarda yap\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli deneyler de ayn\u0131 e\u011filimi g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Virginia Tech Carilion Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde Read Montague\u2019nin dopamin \u00fcreten beyin h\u00fccrelerinin kayb\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Parkinson hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip hastalarda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir deneyin sonucunda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir \u201cDopamin’in iki fakt\u00f6r\u00fc izledi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fck: Ne oldu ve ne olabilirdi.Bizim dopamin n\u00f6ronlar\u0131m\u0131z, bir \u015feylerin daha iyi veya k\u00f6t\u00fc olabilece\u011fini izlemekte ve bu bilgiler dopamin sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131ndaki h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler taraf\u0131ndan kodlanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6d\u00fcl i\u00e7in ise \u00f6d\u00fcl tahmin hatalar\u0131 denilen \u015feyleri -\u00f6d\u00fcl beklentileri ile ya\u015fanan ger\u00e7ek \u00f6d\u00fcller aras\u0131ndaki devam eden fark\u0131- kodlar.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle bu \u00f6d\u00fcl tahmin hatalar\u0131 gelecekteki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirmek i\u00e7in bir \u00f6\u011frenme sinyali sa\u011flar. Bir n\u00f6rofizyolog olan Eric Bowman dopamin aktivasyonuna sebep olan, ba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ama bilin\u00e7sizce yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z eylemlerle ilgili fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011fa sahip olmam\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu fark\u0131ndal\u0131k eksikli\u011finin insanlar\u0131n neden g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte mant\u0131ks\u0131z veya haks\u0131z tercihler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin sigara. Sigaradaki nikotin mezolimbik \u00f6d\u00fcl sistemindeki resept\u00f6rlere eklenerek t\u00fct\u00fcn ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in merkezi bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r. V\u00fccuda zarar\u0131 olan b\u00f6ylesine bir \u015feyin neden bu denli t\u00fcketildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. Halk dilinde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131yor dedi\u011fimiz olay dopamin aktivitesi yapan eylemlerdir ve bunlar\u0131n fazlaca g\u00fcd\u00fclenmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Peki v\u00fccuttaki dopamin seviyesinin etkisi nedir? Yap\u0131lan deneyler sonucunda, dopaminin fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fizofreni ile ili\u015fkilendirilir, dopamin seviyesi \u015fizofrenlerde \u015fizofreni olmayan insanlar oranla daha fazlad\u0131r. \u015eizofrenide g\u00f6r\u00fclen hal\u00fcsinasyonlar, san\u0131lar, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve paranoya hastalardaki dopamin sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucudur. Bu ayr\u0131ca dopamin sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131ran uyu\u015fturucu maddelerin neden hal\u00fcsinasyona sebep verdi\u011fini de a\u00e7\u0131klar. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck dopamin seviyeleri ise ruh hali de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri, yorgunluk, depresyon ve motivasyon eksikli\u011fi ile ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015ftir. Yaz\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bahsetti\u011fim gibi dopamin motivasyon m\u00f6d\u00fclat\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Depresyon hastalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k\u00e7a kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cCan\u0131m hi\u00e7 bir \u015fey yapmak istemiyor.\u201d c\u00fcmlesi bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131l\u0131nca asl\u0131nda anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir anlam kazan\u0131yor. Bu can s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131. Ya v\u00fccutta hi\u00e7 dopamin olmasayd\u0131? Genetik mutasyon sonucu dopamin sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 yapamayan farelerle yap\u0131lan deneylerde farelerin a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00f6n\u00fcndeki yiyecekleri yemeye dair istek g\u00f6steren eylemde bulunmad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dopamini t\u00fcm bu \u00f6d\u00fcl, \u00f6\u011frenme ve motivasyon kapsam\u0131 alt\u0131nda ele al\u0131nca bilim insanlar\u0131 \u2018istemek\u2019 ve \u2018be\u011fenmek\u2019 ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan deneyler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Genetik mutasyonlu, fazla dopamin ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 fareler ile normal fareler aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan deneyde mutasyonlu farelerin yemek ve su al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f; deney alan\u0131ndan yeme\u011fe giden yolu daha h\u0131zl\u0131 terk ettikleri, \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in daha az denemeye gereksinim duyduklar\u0131, yolda daha az durduklar\u0131, dikkat da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 noktalara kar\u015f\u0131 daha iyi direndikleri ve hedefe daha do\u011frudan ilerlemeye devam ettikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. Motivasyon ve konsantrasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n normal farelerden daha fazla olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen; \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerde hedonik<\/span> tepkileri aras\u0131nda bir fark olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sonu\u00e7 olarak dopaminin motivasyon ve \u00f6\u011frenmeyi artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131; yani \u201cistemek\u201d eylemine etkisi pozitif olarak artt\u0131r\u0131rken, \u201cbe\u011fenmek\u201d eylemini oldu\u011funun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ekstra att\u0131rmaz.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dczerimizde bu denli etkisi olan bir \u015feyin kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc tamamen ele almak elbette m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Fakat ne oldu\u011funu bilmek ve bilin\u00e7lenmek, edinece\u011fimiz ya da edindi\u011fimiz al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda ne t\u00fcr yollara ba\u015fvuraca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bize g\u00f6sterebilir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re insan \u00f6\u011frenimi, dopamin i\u00e7eren n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n uyar\u0131lmas\u0131yla modifiye edilebilir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, ki\u015filerin \u00f6d\u00fcllendirmeye neden olan fiziksel eylemleri tekrar etmesini sa\u011flayarak uyarman\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f olabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar. Bu y\u00f6ntem madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in rehabilitasyon merkezlerinde tedavi y\u00f6ntemi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Ba\u015fka bir deneyin sonucu olarak da yapay olarak motive etmek i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir deneyde normal farelerin dopamin seviyesi artt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve kendilerine \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc olmayan bir eylemi bu yolla tekrar etmeyi \u00f6\u011frendikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. T\u0131pk\u0131 bize hi\u00e7 faydas\u0131 olmayan sigaran\u0131n tekrar tekrar t\u00fcketilmesi gibi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda t\u00fcm eylemlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda o eyleme y\u00f6nelik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve tavr\u0131m\u0131z ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ya da monotonlu\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesine sebebiyet veriyor diyebiliriz. Her insan\u0131n video oyununda zevk almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, video oyunundan zevk alanlar\u0131n da bunu zamanla al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k haline getirdi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Video oyunundan zevk alan insan, video oyunun \u00f6d\u00fcl oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir. Mesela, bir insan\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden beri \u00f6devini bitir sonra oynars\u0131n laf\u0131n\u0131 duyduk\u00e7a onu akl\u0131nda \u00f6d\u00fclle\u015ftirmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r, dopamini kullanarak bundan zevk alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r peki zamanla kim kimi kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olabilir? Dopaminin rol ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fin ekstrem seviyelerinden biri, peki ya g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131m\u0131zda acaba vaktimizi \u00e7alan ka\u00e7 eyleme sebebiyet veriyor?<\/span><\/p>\n

Ben bir al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 edinmenin yolunun dopamine o al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6d\u00fcl oldu\u011fu alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yaratarak, tekrara dayal\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde ula\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. \u0130nsanlar genelde al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k edinmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken bunu \u201czorunluluk\u201d, \u201colmas\u0131 gereken\u201d bir \u015fey alg\u0131s\u0131 ile ula\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar fakat bu durumda dopaminin size verece\u011fi tek etki salg\u0131lanmamak ve motivasyonunuzu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek olacakt\u0131r. Zaten motivasyon d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckten sonra olay\u0131n tekrarlama k\u0131sm\u0131 al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k a\u015famas\u0131na gelmeden bitiyor. Al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131ktan kurtulman\u0131n yolu ise genelde onu ba\u015fka al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131kla de\u011fi\u015ftirmek oluyor. \u015e\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim, kurtulmak istedi\u011finiz al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 olan t\u00fcm o dopamini ve motivasyonu hissetti\u011finiz anda bunlar\u0131 ba\u015fka eylem yaparak zamanla o eyleme adapte ederseniz bir s\u00fcre sonra kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yerini di\u011fer eylem alacakt\u0131r. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ben bu yaz\u0131mda sadece dopaminden ve etkisinden bahsettim. V\u00fccudumuza etki eden ve bilincinde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7ok fazla \u015fey var, ki e\u011fer bunlar hakk\u0131nda bilin\u00e7lenirsek belki o zaman ger\u00e7ekten kendimizi y\u00f6neten ki\u015fi biz oluruz ve bir Pavlov insan\u0131 olmaktan kurtuluruz.<\/span><\/p>\n

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YAZAR:<\/em> Kardelen \u015eENSOY<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7alar ve \u0130leri Okumalar<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Physiology of Behavior – Neil R. Carlson<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/dopamine-learning-reward-3157\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/addiction-dopamine-psychology-3207\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/research.vtc.vt.edu\/news\/2015\/dec\/01\/virginia-tech-carilion-research-institute-scientis\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/human-learning-altered-by-ehuman-learning-altered-electrical-stimulation-substantia-nigra-1034\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/science\/health-and-medicine\/executive-systems-of-the-brain\/emotion-2014-03-27T18:40:38.294Z\/v\/emotions-limbic-system<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.lakartidningen.se\/Functions\/OldArticleView.aspx?articleId=17928<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4032934\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.jneurosci.org\/content\/23\/28\/9395.long<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article\/136\/11\/3242\/325427#78857039<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0165017398000198?via%3Dihub<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hayatta bazen sa\u00e7ma ya da k\u00f6t\u00fc oldu\u011funu bildi\u011fimiz halde yapmaya devam etti\u011finiz al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar vard\u0131r. Veya bir al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k edinmeyi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":1605,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[40,17,438,435,436,437,12,19],"yoast_head":"\nPavlov\u2019un \u0130nsanlar\u0131: Dopamin | Ak\u0131l Defterim<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Psikoloji \u00f6\u011frencilerinin kaleminden yaz\u0131lar.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/pavlovun-insanlari-dopamin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pavlov\u2019un \u0130nsanlar\u0131: Dopamin | Ak\u0131l Defterim\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Psikoloji \u00f6\u011frencilerinin kaleminden 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