{"id":1910,"date":"2020-04-19T15:14:03","date_gmt":"2020-04-19T12:14:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/?p=1910"},"modified":"2020-04-19T15:14:06","modified_gmt":"2020-04-19T12:14:06","slug":"duygularin-bugusunda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/duygularin-bugusunda","title":{"rendered":"DUYGULARIN BU\u011eUSUNDA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Uzun bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce makaleler aras\u0131nda gezinirken c\u00fcmlenin sonuna do\u011fru ili\u015ftirilmi\u015f ne oldu\u011funu da tam anlayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir terimle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131m; aleksitimi<\/em>. Neydi ki bu aleksitimi? Dipnotunda \u201cDuygular\u0131 tan\u0131mlama ve a\u00e7\u0131klama konusunda yetersizlikle belirgin bir ki\u015filik olu\u015fumu.\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. O anl\u0131k yetmi\u015fti, sonra zaman zaman kar\u015f\u0131ma \u00e7\u0131kmaya devam etti ve merak\u0131m\u0131 kam\u00e7\u0131lad\u0131. Ben de dayanamad\u0131m ve makaleler okyanusuna a\u00e7\u0131lmaya karar verdim. Aleksitimiye ad\u0131n\u0131 1970\u2019lerde Sifneos vermi\u015f. Onun i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u00e7\u0131klamalar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ama T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ilk ifade edili\u015f \u015fekli duygular i\u00e7in s\u00f6z yoksunlu\u011fu<\/em>. Aleksitimili bireyde heyecan, \u00f6fke, \u00f6zlem, co\u015fku, ac\u0131 ve sevgi gibi duygular d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulam\u0131yor, bulsa da ifade edilemiyor. Bedende baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler oluyor bazen eller terliyor, nab\u0131z y\u00fckseliyor, bazen mideye a\u011fr\u0131lar giriyor ama bunun sebebi kestirilemiyor. Heyecandan m\u0131 oldu bu \u015fimdi yoksa \u00f6fkeden mi? Ya da heyecan ve \u00f6fke nedir? Bu i\u00e7eride olup biten durum nas\u0131l anlat\u0131l\u0131r? Ya\u015fan\u0131lan duygular tan\u0131mlanamad\u0131k\u00e7a, duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce aras\u0131 ba\u011f kurulup ifade edilemedik\u00e7e bedensel tepkilerin \u015fiddeti art\u0131yor. Fiziksel ve ruhsal sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyerek \u00e7ekilmez bir hal al\u0131yor. Duygu ifadesizli\u011fi ilk \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011finde akla garip geliyor. En nihayetinde bizler duygular\u0131yla hareket eden, ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa onlar\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00f6n veren, duygular\u0131 ile ileti\u015fim ve hayal kuran varl\u0131klar\u0131z. Duygular\u0131m\u0131zla kendimizi ifade ederiz, mikro ifademiz i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz duyguya g\u00f6re tepki verir. Y\u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcz k\u0131zard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve bu bize soruldu\u011funda sinirlendi\u011fimizi veya utand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Aleksitimik bireylere de i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 durumda ne hissettikleri soruldu\u011funda o anda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerini, ne yapmak ve neler s\u00f6ylemek istediklerini ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde anlat\u0131rlar fakat i\u00e7ine duygu katmadan. Aleksitimi ilk ba\u015flarda sadece psikosomatik hastalarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen belirtileri a\u00e7\u0131klamak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan bir terimdi ama zamanla yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu durumun di\u011fer ruhsal, fiziksel hastal\u0131klarda ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bireylerde de s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve buna bir de ac\u0131, psikotik nitelikli kayg\u0131 ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara kar\u015f\u0131 bir savunma mekanizmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu bulgusu eklendi. Yani aleksitimi uzun s\u00fcreli olan ki\u015filik \u00f6zelli\u011fi ve sonradan geli\u015ftirilebilen ge\u00e7ici veya kal\u0131c\u0131 olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan savunma mekanizmas\u0131 olarak ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Taylor, birincil aleksitimi (uzun s\u00fcreli olan ki\u015filik \u00f6zelli\u011fi) \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada aleksitimik ki\u015filik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini 4 ana ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda toplam\u0131\u015f: \u0130lk olarak duygular\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131yorlar ve onlar\u0131 rahats\u0131z olma ve rahatlama \u015feklinde ifade ediyorlar. \u0130kincisi hayal g\u00fc\u00e7leri olduk\u00e7a k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 hayal kuruyorlar fakat ger\u00e7eklik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kuru ve cans\u0131z bir yap\u0131da kal\u0131yor \u201ckanatl\u0131 pembe midillilere binip g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne u\u00e7may\u0131 hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015flemiyorlar\u201d ve hayal kurmay\u0131 da zaman kayb\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendiriyorlar. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6zellik onlara \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve i\u015f hayat\u0131nda olumlu sonu\u00e7lar kazand\u0131ran mekanik, pragmatik ve uyum sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme tarz\u0131na sahipler; kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sorunlara somut ve kestirme \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler buluyorlar. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6zellik ise hassas de\u011filler, \u00e7evresel beklentilere ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131lara \u00f6nem verirler. Tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ise bu iki olguya g\u00f6re \u015fekillendiriyorlar. Bu y\u00fczden de \u00e7evreleriyle uyumlu ili\u015fkiler kurabilen insanlar olarak bilinirler. Her ne kadar uyum i\u00e7inde olsalar da di\u011fer insanlar taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131, kat\u0131, d\u00fcz, donuk ve duygusuz olarak tarif edilirler. Peki bu ki\u015filik olu\u015fumuna veya savunma mekanizmas\u0131 olarak aleksitiminin geli\u015ftirilmesine ne sebep oluyor? Bunun en belirgin sebebi ilk \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda anne veya bak\u0131m veren ki\u015fiyle kurulan ba\u011flanma stili. G\u00fcvenli ba\u011flanma stili temelinde duygular\u0131 dengeleyebilme, aktarma ve yarat\u0131c\u0131 imgeleme becerileri yer al\u0131yor fakat ilk \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda g\u00fcvenli ba\u011flanma yerine ka\u00e7\u0131nmac\u0131 veya kayg\u0131l\u0131 ba\u011flanma stili geli\u015ftiriliyor. Bak\u0131m verenle kurulan bu ba\u011flanma stili beynin duygusal fark\u0131ndal\u0131k ve duygu d\u00fczenlemesi ile ilgili olan baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini etkiliyor. Bu bak\u0131mdan ba\u011flanma ilk temel yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131ndan itibaren hem ki\u015filer aras\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde hem de kendilik alg\u0131s\u0131nda etkin bir rol oynuyor. \u0130leriki ya\u015flarda duygu, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve davran\u0131\u015flarda ise ya\u015fam\u0131n y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 olarak kendini zirveye ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yor. Bu y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcven eksikli\u011fi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kendilik de\u011feriyle ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu da s\u00f6z konusu. Aleksitimik bireyler duygular\u0131n\u0131 ifade edemeyi\u015flerinde en \u00e7ok zorlu\u011fu \u00f6fkelendikleri zaman ya\u015f\u0131yorlar, \u00f6fke ifade edilemedi\u011finde \u015fiddeti art\u0131yor ve sald\u0131rgan davran\u0131\u015flar \u015feklinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. T\u00fcm bunlar ise ki\u015fiyi benlik sayg\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe tekrar ki\u015fileraras\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde soruna ve \u00f6fkeye yani k\u0131s\u0131r bir d\u00f6ng\u00fcye itiyor. Cinsiyet, ya\u015f ve e\u011fitim gibi sosyodemografik \u00f6zelliklerin de aleksitimiyle anlaml\u0131 bir ili\u015fkisi var. Bir di\u011ferinde ise aleksitimi \u00f6\u011frenmelerle ki\u015fili\u011fin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline geliyor. Baz\u0131 toplumlarda insanlar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fckten itibaren duygular\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmek yerine bast\u0131rmay\u0131 ve gizlemeyi \u00f6\u011freniyor. Bizde de en belirgin \u015fekli \u201cSen sus k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcks\u00fcn!\u201d , d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u201cCan\u0131n ac\u0131r a\u011flama, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 yaras\u0131 m\u0131?\u201d , sevinirsin \u201cNe bu g\u00fcl\u00fcp duruyorsun?\u201d,  hissetti\u011fini s\u00f6ylesen \u201cAman bu da ne ki!\u201d gibi ya\u015famdan bir\u00e7ok \u00f6rnek verebiliriz. Bu durumlar\u0131n peki\u015fmesiyle \u201dDuygular\u0131n s\u00f6ylenmesi ay\u0131pt\u0131r, gizlemek zorunday\u0131m. S\u00f6ylersem terslenebilir, hor g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir veya yaln\u0131z kalabilirim. Ba\u015f\u0131m derde girebilir bu y\u00fczden duygular\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6ylememeliyim.\u201d tarz\u0131nda duygularla ilgili bili\u015fsel \u00e7arp\u0131tmalar ve ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olmayan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler bili\u015fsel \u015femalar\u0131 \u015fekillendiyor. Bu durum \u00e7ocukluk ya\u015flar\u0131nda davran\u0131m bozuklu\u011funa ileriki ya\u015flarda da otomatik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere sebep oluyor ve en sonunda duygular ifade edilemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in yerine bedensel tepkiler ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Aleksitimik belirtiler sahne \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda kendini g\u00f6steriyor. O sahne \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fan\u0131lan durumlar\u0131n anlat\u0131m\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle:

\u201cBende bir problem oldu\u011fu mutlaka \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131nda da ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir ama o d\u00f6nemi ne ben ne de ailem hat\u0131rl\u0131yor. Bizim ilk hat\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ilkokulun birinci s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan itibaren s\u0131k s\u0131k kusma n\u00f6betleri ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m ve bu nedenle okula devam edemedi\u011fim. Gitti\u011fimiz doktorlar herhangi fizyolojik bir sorun bulam\u0131yor ve bize bu konuda net yan\u0131t veremiyorlard\u0131. Bir uzman, sorunun psikolojik k\u00f6kenli olabilece\u011fini ve i\u015fin asl\u0131n\u0131n benim okulu pek sevmemem olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Oysa ailem bana bunu sordu\u011funda, okulu sevmedi\u011fime dair hi\u00e7bir \u015fey anlatam\u0131yordum. Derslerim de pek i\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildi. K\u0131r\u0131k not ald\u0131\u011f\u0131mda, ailem ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlerimin \u015fikayetleri, serzeni\u015fleri hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde beni \u00fczm\u00fcyor, korkutmuyor, bu nedenle de ilerleme kaydedemiyordum. \u0130lk ve ortaokulu bir \u015fekilde tamamlad\u0131m. Lise d\u00f6nemindeyse, beni ba\u015fka s\u00fcrpriz bekliyordu; erkeklerin bana olan ilgisi. Ya\u015f\u0131ma g\u00f6re erken geli\u015fmi\u015f bir k\u0131zd\u0131m. Ve kar\u015f\u0131 cinsimin ilgisini fazlas\u0131yla \u00e7eken bir \u00e7ift \u015feye sahiptim: \u0130ri g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcslere. Oysa ben onlar\u0131n ilgisine tamamen kay\u0131ts\u0131z kal\u0131yordum. Bu kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131k bir s\u00fcre sonra onlar\u0131 \u00f6fkelendirdi ve beni s\u00f6zleriyle taciz etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Asl\u0131nda, \u015fimdi anl\u0131yorum ki, benden iyi ya da k\u00f6t\u00fc bir tepki bekliyor, bunu alamay\u0131nca da beni zorlamak istiyorlard\u0131. Oysa ben, onlar\u0131n t\u00fcm k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6zlerine kar\u015f\u0131 duvar kadar tepkisiz kal\u0131yordum. Hemcinslerimle olan ili\u015fkim de pek parlak de\u011fildi. Beni, bilerek erkeklerin ilgi oda\u011f\u0131 olmakla su\u00e7luyorlard\u0131. Liseyi d\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00f6\u011frenci olarak ve tek ba\u015f\u0131ma bitirdim dersem yalan olmaz. Daha sonra \u00fcniversite y\u0131llar\u0131m ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131m ba\u015flad\u0131. Temas halinde oldu\u011fum insanlar art\u0131k daha olgun olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in bana kar\u015f\u0131 kibar ve mesafeli davran\u0131yorlard\u0131 ama bu kez de sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131m beni rahat b\u0131rakm\u0131yordu. Bir g\u00fcn boynum tutuluyor, bir di\u011fer g\u00fcnse ellerim uyu\u015fuyordu… Kar\u0131n kramplar\u0131m \u015fiddetini art\u0131r\u0131nca acil servise gittik. Benim i\u00e7in \u00e7ok da al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f bir durum de\u011fildi ve acil servisteki uzmanlar art\u0131k beni tan\u0131yordu. O gece birisi, bana bir psikiyatrist \u00f6nerdi. Hemen randevu ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m psikiyatrist, beni uzun uzunca dinledi. Onunla birlikte \u00e7ok eskilere, hat\u0131rlayabildi\u011fim ilk an\u0131ma kadar d\u00f6nd\u00fck. Ve i\u015fte o zaman ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m her fizyolojik sorunun asl\u0131nda s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir olaydan sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck. S\u0131navlardan \u00f6nce mide bulant\u0131lar\u0131, i\u015fe ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce kas\u0131lmalar ve benzer di\u011ferleri… Yani asl\u0131nda duygular\u0131m\u0131n iletemedi\u011fi mesajlar\u0131 bana bedenim iletiyormu\u015f! Tabi hemen terapilere ba\u015flad\u0131k. Bu terapiler bana \u00e7ok faydal\u0131 oldu. Hem sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131m azald\u0131 hem de baz\u0131 hislere art\u0131k ad koymaya bile ba\u015flad\u0131m.\u201d <\/em>
<\/em>
Aleksitimi tedavisinde ise drama ve oyun tedavileri, \u00f6z \u015fefkatli yakla\u015f\u0131m etkili olabilmektedir. Aleksitimik bireylerin duygusal fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131rmada, duygularla ilgili bili\u015fsel \u00e7arp\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 ve otomatik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri fark etmede ve de\u011fi\u015ftirmede bili\u015fsel s\u00fcre\u00e7ler i\u015fe yaramaktad\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ler yans\u0131tmal\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme, s\u00f6zel ileti\u015fim, duygular\u0131 ba\u015fka insanlarla payla\u015fma, hayal kurma ve oyun oynamay\u0131 i\u00e7erebilir.

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Yazar: Tu\u011f\u00e7e \u00dcnalm\u0131\u015f
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Kaynak\u00e7a<\/em>

Aktay, M. (2014), \u00dcniversite \u00d6\u011frencilerinde Aleksitimi ve Depresyon Yorday\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Olarak Ba\u011flanma Stilleri, \u0130stanbul: \u0130stanbul Arel \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc.

Oktay, B. ve Bat\u0131g\u00fcn, A. D. (2014), Aleksitimi: Ba\u011flanma, Benlik Alg\u0131s\u0131, Ki\u015fileraras\u0131 \u0130li\u015fki Tarzlar\u0131 ve \u00d6fke, T\u00fcrk Psikoloji Yaz\u0131lar\u0131,17(33), 31-40.


Bat\u0131g\u00fcn, A. D. ve B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fahin, A. (2008), Aleksitimi: Psikolojik Belirtiler ve Ba\u011flanma Stilleri, Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 11(3), 105-114.

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Duran E. N. (2017), Duygular K\u00f6r Olursa: Aleksitimi, Cosmopolitan.

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Uzun bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce makaleler aras\u0131nda gezinirken c\u00fcmlenin sonuna do\u011fru ili\u015ftirilmi\u015f ne oldu\u011funu da tam anlayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir terimle […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[582,583],"yoast_head":"\nDUYGULARIN BU\u011eUSUNDA | Ak\u0131l Defterim<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Psikoloji \u00f6\u011frencilerinin kaleminden yaz\u0131lar.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/duygularin-bugusunda\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"DUYGULARIN BU\u011eUSUNDA | Ak\u0131l Defterim\" \/>\n<meta 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