{"id":1145,"date":"2016-12-19T09:47:36","date_gmt":"2016-12-19T06:47:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/?p=1145"},"modified":"2016-12-19T09:51:21","modified_gmt":"2016-12-19T06:51:21","slug":"cinsiyetcilige-tarihsel-bir-bakis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/cinsiyetcilige-tarihsel-bir-bakis","title":{"rendered":"Cinsiyet\u00e7ili\u011fe Tarihsel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ne \u00e7ok okur ne \u00e7ok duyar olduk kad\u0131n cinayetlerini. Gazeteyi her a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, her haber izledi\u011finizde illa ki g\u00f6r\u00fcr duyars\u0131n\u0131z. Her g\u00fcn onlarca kad\u0131n \u015fiddete maruz b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor, istismarda bulunuluyor hatta \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor e\u015fleri, eski e\u015fleri, sevgilileri, bazense hi\u00e7 tan\u0131mad\u0131klar\u0131 erkekler taraf\u0131ndan. Nedir bu erkek \u015fiddetinin nedeni? <\/span><\/p>\n

Cinsiyet\u00e7ilik dedi\u011fimiz kavrama bakmam\u0131z laz\u0131m. Bir cinsiyetin di\u011fer cinsiyete \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011funu savunan ideolojidir. Bu ideolojinin toplumda kad\u0131nlar\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fini, \u00f6tekile\u015ftirdi\u011fini insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n her d\u00f6neminde, \u00f6zellikle kendi toplumumuzda s\u0131k s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz; kad\u0131n cinayetleri, aile i\u00e7i kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet, kad\u0131n\u0131 subjele\u015ftirmekten \u00e7ok obje haline iten, kendi \u00f6znesinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rarak erkeklerin istedi\u011fi ve erkeklerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda kad\u0131na y\u00fcklenen anlamlar\u2026 Tabii bu durum bir toplumun kendi ge\u00e7mi\u015finden gelmektedir. Toplumlar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri, normlar\u0131, adetleri ve dinleri, toplumun kad\u0131na bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillenmesiyle do\u011frudan ilgilidir. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7lerden s\u00f6z edelim. Mesela ataerkil bir toplum yap\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015fimizden beri kar topunun yuvarlanarak b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi gibi bilincimize a\u015f\u0131lanan kad\u0131n rollerinin zamanla de\u011fi\u015ferek erkeklerin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015fekillenen rollere b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin etkisi \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck. Peki tarihteki kad\u0131n imaj\u0131na ne kadar g\u00fcvenebiliriz? Ne kadar\u0131na inanabiliriz? Ger\u00e7ekten kad\u0131nlar ilk \u00e7a\u011flardan beridir ma\u011farada \u00e7ocuk bak\u0131p erke\u011fin korunmas\u0131na muhta\u00e7 m\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131? Sadece erke\u011fin g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6lgesinde mi avland\u0131? Ya bu anlat\u0131lanlar\u0131n hepsi erkeklerin bir uydurmas\u0131ysa? Sonu\u00e7ta tarih test edilemeyen bir bilim. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130ki milyon y\u0131ll\u0131k Paleolitik \u00c7a\u011f boyunca insanlar avc\u0131 ve toplay\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u00f6zel m\u00fclk anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yoktu. Bu nedenle herhangi bir cinsiyet\u00e7ilik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi geli\u015fmedi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kad\u0131nlar bu \u00e7a\u011fda erkeklerle birlikte avland\u0131, yiyecek toplad\u0131 ve en az erkekler kadar do\u011fa ile sava\u015ft\u0131. Sonra \u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihinde, besin \u00fcretimi yan\u0131nda ilk yerle\u015fik toplumlar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan d\u00f6nem olan \u201cNeolitik \u00c7a\u011f\u201d ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ilk tar\u0131m faaliyetleri ve ilk yerle\u015fik topluluklar\u0131n meydana gelmesinden ba\u015fka \u00e7ok daha g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc ilgilendiren bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi var. Erkek ve kad\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki cinsiyet\u00e7ili\u011fin tohumlar\u0131 bu \u00e7a\u011fda at\u0131ld\u0131. Tar\u0131m faaliyetlerinin artmas\u0131yla avc\u0131l\u0131kta azalma g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Belirtilmesi gereken bir nokta tar\u0131m faaliyetlerinde kullan\u0131lan \u00e7o\u011fu icad\u0131n kad\u0131nlara ait olmas\u0131; \u00e7apalamak, bu\u011fday tanelerini daha sert ta\u015flar alt\u0131nda \u00f6\u011f\u00fctmek gibi. Bu sebeple o d\u00f6nemde kad\u0131na inan\u0131lmaz bir sayg\u0131 vard\u0131. Bunu o zaman ki tarihi eserlerde (Duvar resimleri, yap\u0131lan heykeller vs.) g\u00f6zlemleyebiliyoruz. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n o zaman daha de\u011ferli olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir ba\u015fka nedeni ise sa\u011fl\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131yd\u0131. Do\u011fumlar s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya da sonras\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kad\u0131n n\u00fcfusu azd\u0131, bu y\u00fczden de\u011ferliydi. Sonra insanlar tar\u0131mda \u00f6k\u00fczlerden, ya\u011fmurdan, r\u00fczgardan yararlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Erkek bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te azalan avc\u0131l\u0131kta ve daha sonra tar\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131kta daha aktif olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc azald\u0131. N\u00fcfus patlamalar\u0131 ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Az olan kad\u0131n n\u00fcfusu artt\u0131. Kad\u0131n kolay eri\u015filebilen, bulunabilen bir varl\u0131k oldu. Ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 cinsiyet\u00e7ili\u011fin ba\u015flamas\u0131na neden oldu. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz modelleri \u015fekillenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnekle vermek gerekirse bu anlat\u0131lan s\u00fcre\u00e7lerden sonra tar\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k ve avc\u0131l\u0131kta aktifli\u011fi ele alan erkek evde de a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissettirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Kad\u0131n sanki erke\u011fin eksik hali gibi alg\u0131lanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Kad\u0131n sadece erke\u011fin getirdi\u011fi ya da \u00fcretti\u011fi yiyeceklerle yemek yapabilen, \u00e7ocuklar do\u011furan ve o \u00e7ocuklara bakan, korunmaya muhta\u00e7 bir varl\u0131k kimli\u011fi kazand\u0131. Bug\u00fcn modern \u00e7a\u011fda da \u00e7ok bir fark yok g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz gibi. Neolitik \u00e7a\u011fdaki kad\u0131n rol\u00fcyle modern \u00e7a\u011fdaki kad\u0131n rolleri b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda benzer. 40 bin y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00e7ok da bir \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fmedi. <\/span><\/p>\n

Bundan sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7te kad\u0131n\u0131n ikincil diye nitelendirilen i\u015fler verildikten sonra erkekler bir de ekonomik olarak \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irdi. Ataerkil dedi\u011fimiz toplumlar olu\u015ftu. Miraslarda erkek s\u00f6z sahibi oldu. Kad\u0131n n\u00fcfusundaki art\u0131\u015ftan sonra tek e\u015fli evliliklerde de\u011fi\u015fmeler meydana geldi. Yerle\u015fik ya\u015fama ge\u00e7en toplumlarda kurallar belirlendi ve o kurallar erkeklere g\u00f6re \u015fekillendi. Soylar erkekler taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131, toplum hakimiyeti erkeklere ge\u00e7ti. Bu erkek \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesi etraf\u0131nda, toplumun k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, adetleri, inanc\u0131 ve tarihi erke\u011fe g\u00f6re \u015fekillendi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ataerkilin Latincede ad\u0131 patriarkad\u0131r. Yunanca Patria(baba) ve achein (h\u00fckmetmek) anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Cinsiyet\u00e7ilik dillerde bile yer edinmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130ngilizcede woman, wife+man birle\u015fiminden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. Erke\u011fin e\u015fi anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bizde de kad\u0131n hakan\u0131n, kral\u0131n e\u015fi demektir. Latincede hominesten gelir. Homines insan demektir. Erkek=insan, kad\u0131n ise insan\u0131n e\u015fi. Ataerkil toplum g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz gibi kad\u0131n\u0131 olabildi\u011fince \u00f6tekile\u015ftirir. Bu t\u00fcr toplumlarda cinsiyet \u00f6zellikleri bir tabu gibi \u00e7izilir. Erke\u011fe g\u00f6re karakteristik \u00f6zellikler yarat\u0131l\u0131r. Tabii ki en iyi s\u0131fatlar erke\u011fe g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r. Adam olmak, kad\u0131n gibi olmamak. Kad\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131f oldu\u011fu yayg\u0131n kan\u0131s\u0131 yarat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 toplumlarda kad\u0131n, kanunen bir birey olarak dahi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. \u00d6rnek olarak \u00c7in\u2019de kad\u0131nlara isim verilmezdi. Numara verilerek \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 iki, \u00fc\u00e7, d\u00f6rt gibi. Hindistan\u2019da kocas\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kad\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 yoktu. Hemen o da \u00f6lmeliydi. Tanr\u0131lar sinirlenmesin diye kurban edilirlerdi. Babil\u2019de kad\u0131n evcil hayvan s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na dahil say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bat\u0131\u2019da da durum pek parlak de\u011fildi. Kad\u0131n toplumun mal\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131; b\u00fct\u00fcn erkekler istedikleri kad\u0131nlarla onlar\u0131 r\u0131zas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n cinsel ili\u015fki kurabilirlerdi. Bu \u015fekilde do\u011fan \u00e7ocuk toplumun mal\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Kad\u0131n, g\u00fcnah\u0131n, ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, ruhi ve manevi al\u00e7akl\u0131\u011f\u0131n temsili say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Roma\u2019da kad\u0131nlar vatanda\u015f de\u011fildi. Koca isterse kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrebilirdi. Yunanlar da \u201cKad\u0131n \u015feytani varl\u0131klardan biridir.\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi hakimdi. Erke\u011fin izni olmadan kad\u0131n kendi mal\u0131n\u0131 harcama yetkisi yoktu.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bunlara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kad\u0131n cinayetlerinin, tecav\u00fczlerinin sebebi maalesef ilk \u00e7a\u011flara kadar dayanmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kad\u0131nlar 40 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k ataerkil d\u00fczene, t\u00fcm bu ikinci plana at\u0131lmalara, bir birey olarak nitelendirilmemeye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Ve bu kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131n ataerkil toplumun erkekleri taraf\u0131ndan reaksiyonu sert oluyor. Kad\u0131n\u0131n kocas\u0131ndan bo\u015fanma iste\u011fi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeyle sonu\u00e7lan\u0131yor. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6sterilmemesiyle tehdit ediliyor, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc psikolojik \u015fiddete maruz kal\u0131yor. Baba evine d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde art\u0131k kocas\u0131n\u0131n mal\u0131ym\u0131\u015f gibi iade ediliyor. Gelinli\u011fine \u2018\u2019temiz\u2019\u2019 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kurdele tak\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00c7ocuk ya\u015fta toprak a\u011falar\u0131na ailenin \u2019\u2019refah\u0131\u2019\u2019 i\u00e7in sat\u0131l\u0131yor. Hala do\u011fumhanelerde ne kadar inkar etsek de tebrikler o\u011flunuz oldu da ki mutlulu\u011fu g\u00f6remiyoruz k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fumlar\u0131nda. Hala topluma bir ay\u0131pm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00fcnahm\u0131\u015f gibi i\u015fleniyor kad\u0131nlar. Erkeklerin her hatas\u0131 40 bin y\u0131ld\u0131r mahzun ve \u00e7ocuk\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken, kad\u0131n hala \u015feytanla e\u015f tutuluyor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bu kadar k\u00f6t\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni bu olabilir mi? Gelece\u011fimizi yeti\u015ftiren kad\u0131nlara ataerkil toplumun dayatmalar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken gelece\u011fimiz ne kadar sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olabilir? Kad\u0131nlar ve erkekler aras\u0131nda hala bu denli ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6z konuyken nas\u0131l \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131za e\u015fitlikten bahsedebiliriz? \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130nsanlar onlara \u015farts\u0131z, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fck nimetler ve hayat veren do\u011faya s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nerek en b\u00fcy\u00fck hatay\u0131 yapt\u0131 ve bedelini \u00f6deyecek. \u0130kinci en b\u00fcy\u00fck hatay\u0131 ataerkil toplumlar yapmakta. Do\u011fa kadar muhte\u015fem kad\u0131nlara s\u0131rtlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nerek, kendi ahlaks\u0131zlar\u0131nda ve toplumsal buhranlarda bo\u011fulacaklar. Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken 40 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nceyi hat\u0131rlamak. E\u015fit oldu\u011fumuz, omuz omuza m\u00fccadele verdi\u011fimiz y\u0131llara geri d\u00f6nmek. Birbirimizden fark\u0131m\u0131z varm\u0131\u015f gibi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, renkleri, k\u0131yafetleri, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri, dilleri ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7a\u011flara geri d\u00f6nmek. T\u00fcm tabiat a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan di\u015filik ve erkeklik birbirini tamamlayan ve hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde \u00fcst\u00fcn olmayan iki olgu. <\/span>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

Kad\u0131na tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn, istismar\u0131n, cinayetlerin son buldu\u011fu, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc psikolojik ve fiili \u015fiddetten uzak kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, ataerkil olmayan bir d\u00fcnyada ya\u015famak dile\u011fiyle\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

YAZAR:<\/em> Batuhan U\u00c7AR<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ne \u00e7ok okur ne \u00e7ok duyar olduk kad\u0131n cinayetlerini. Gazeteyi her a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, her haber izledi\u011finizde illa ki g\u00f6r\u00fcr […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":1148,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[324,17,321,323,12,322,19],"yoast_head":"\nCinsiyet\u00e7ili\u011fe Tarihsel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f | Ak\u0131l Defterim<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Psikoloji \u00f6\u011frencilerinin kaleminden yaz\u0131lar.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tpocg.org\/blog\/cinsiyetcilige-tarihsel-bir-bakis\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cinsiyet\u00e7ili\u011fe Tarihsel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f | Ak\u0131l Defterim\" \/>\n<meta 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